In 1994, a newspaper published the first article related to data science, titled “Database Marketing,” explaining how businesses were collecting vast datasets to study consumer behavior, competition, and effective advertising strategies. The early 2000s marked data science’s recognition as a distinct field, with dedicated journals and continuous development.

By the late 2000s, universal internet access, communication, and data collection became prevalent. In 2005, big data took center stage as technology giants like Google and Facebook entered the arena, collecting massive datasets and developing technologies such as Hadoop, Spark, and Cassandra for processing them.